“来自江河海洋的珍宝”展览在北京国家博物开幕

翠花

　　主办方：中华人民共和国文化部、中国国家博物馆、卡塔尔博物馆管理局
　　发布时间：2016年9月27日
　　展览开放时间：2016年9月27日–2017年1月8日
　　展出地点：北京，中国国家博物馆
　　由中华人民共和国文化部、中国国家博物馆与卡塔尔博物馆管理局联袂推出的“珍珠：来自江河海洋的珍宝”大型展览，经过近一年的紧张筹备，即将于2016年9月27日在中国国家博物馆正式面向社会开放。“珍珠：来自江河海洋的珍宝”展览是2016中国卡塔尔文化年系列活动之一，也是国家博物馆首次推出的以西亚地区历史文化和传统艺术为主题的国际交流展。
　　正如广大公众所期待的那样，展览以独特的展示方式呈现了珍珠的悠久历史、古老传说和神话故事，详尽解析了珍珠的成因与类别，并追忆了人类从艰险的天然珍珠采集最终成功过渡到科学培育人工养殖珍珠的不平凡历程。其中，海湾地区作为自古以来天然珍珠重要的来源地之一，则不仅为东方、西方不同文明提供了历久弥新的珠宝饰品，更为世界范围文化交流起到了不可替代的作用。展览将人类使用珍珠的人文历史进行了细致发掘，上及罗马时代，下迄二十一世纪的今天，时间跨越两千多年。在众多精巧细致的展品中，既有蜚声世界的著名设计师的珠宝杰作，也有来自欧洲君主国的珍珠冠饰，更有众多不同地域内，以稀有珍珠打造的美轮美奂的穿戴饰品，其中还能领略到中国珍珠养殖业兴旺发展的历程，感受中国文化的独特魅力。观众在感受珠光宝气交相辉映的同时，可以尽情徜徉于自然、历史、文化、艺术构筑的美妙时空之中。
　　展览共分为六大部分，依次分述珍珠的自然历史、海湾地区的珍珠、历史中的珍珠、天然淡水珍珠、养殖珍珠的开拓者、中国方式的养殖珍珠等内容。
　　第一部分，珍珠的自然历史讲述珍珠的性质与种类，珍珠的成因，列举各种绚丽的贝壳及其附属的天然珍珠实例。
　　第二部分，海湾地区的珍珠概述海湾地区数千年的珍珠捕捞和贸易历史。天然珍珠对海湾地区国家的重要意义，观众可以从中领略到珍珠在这一地区所代表的财富传承和身份象征。人们在艰苦环境下如何仅靠人力和简单的设备从深水中寻找珍珠，并将海湾珍珠传播到世界各地，创造了海湾珍珠19世纪中叶至20世纪上半叶一段近百年的黄金时代。
　　第三部分，历史中的珍珠总结了珍珠饰品的发展史。最早的珍珠首饰有罗马与拜占庭时期的精巧饰物，罗马金手镯、拜占庭式项链、拜占庭式绿宝石十字项链吊坠等。它们尽由黄金、天然海湾珍珠和其他贵重宝石组成，设计极为精巧，保存异常完好，年代如此悠远，能流传于世间实属不易。
　　六边形的王冠展示区里，均匀排列着六顶头冠饰品，罗斯伯里夫人的珍珠王冠、斯宾塞伯爵夫人头冠、克鲁阿尔茨的王冠、皇家汉诺威王冠、玛丽?瓦莱瑞女大公的头冠等，它们年代属于十九世纪中期前后至二十世纪初，分别来自英国、法国、德国、奥地利等君主国，是其治下王公显贵们佩戴的头冠名品。冠身由金、银等贵金属打造，冠表堆砌镶嵌数量惊人的天然珍珠和钻石等材质，均由著名珠宝商和艺术大师设计。这些冠饰有的曾作为加冕的王冠来使用，有的还可以变换成珍珠项链或者钻石发带等分体饰品，其制作工艺之精湛程度几乎无法用语言来描述。
　　其他类型的珠宝饰品也同样体现了设计师们的精美创意，以文艺复兴时期及新艺术时期的饰品等最为突出。飞翔的丘比特吊坠项链、狮子形吊坠、舞女吊坠、橡果形胸针、蜜蜂形胸针、蝴蝶形胸针、酒神女祭司头像胸针等，多选用造型富于变化的巴洛克式珍珠进行大胆构图，将自然寓于艺术作品之中，用不同形状的选材刻画出巧夺天工的动物、植物、人物形象，使珍珠的表现力达到前所未有的高度。最引人注目的还有萨尔瓦多?达利设计的养殖珍珠与红宝石唇形胸针，彰显了艺术大师无可匹敌的设计视角和独特的装饰手法。
　　第四部分，天然淡水珍珠讲述了与海水珍珠并存，同样分布于陆地上的河流和湖泊中的淡水珍珠，在世界各地很早就开始被采集并利用。中国西藏地区极具传统特色的珍珠头饰，以及来自北美洲密西西比河和阿肯色河流域别具一格的珍珠藏品，感受这些由稀有淡水珍珠打造而成的珠宝魅力。
　　第五部分，养殖珍珠的开拓者介绍了以御木本幸吉等为代表的杰出人物不断挑战，从培育半圆珠直到成功生产出圆形珍珠的曲折历程，为珍珠养殖事业的发展奠定了基础。
　　第六部分，中国方式的养殖珍珠重点介绍中国珍珠养殖事业在当代取得的巨大成就。人工培育珍珠的方法在中国得到最大程度的普及与提升，造就了现代中国在世界珍珠行业的领先优势，中国每年为国内外市场提供数千吨的珍珠，显示出中国珍珠养殖无穷的发展潜力。
　　中国国家博物馆也提供了馆藏文物中的明朝万历年间孝端皇后的凤冠参与展览。这顶凤冠于20世纪50年代出土于定陵陵园，饰有金龙、金凤各九条，镶嵌了100余粒红宝石以及5000多颗珍珠。
　　卡塔尔是古代“海上丝绸之路”的重要交通枢纽，其久负盛名的珍珠贸易在漫长的历史岁月中是联结东西方文化的重要纽带。在习近平主席提出共建“一带一路”重大倡议后，卡塔尔是率先与中国签署合作备忘录的国家之一，也是实施“一带一路”战略的重点国家。中卡两国确立了战略合作伙伴关系，双方的经贸往来不断扩大，合作发展迅速。在此基础上，推动深层次、多方位的文化交流与合作是双方共同的需求，中卡文化年是双方文化交流与合作的桥梁。本展览的举办无疑将会加深中卡两国人民对彼此文化、历史和未来发展的了解。相信在中国国家博物馆和卡塔尔博物馆管理局的密切合作下，“珍珠：来自江河海洋的珍宝”会成为2016中国卡塔尔文化年系列活动中的亮点。
　　（拟用图片12张，说明文字及图见附件文件）




　　编辑垂询
　　休伯特?巴里（Hubert Bari）简介
　　“珍珠：来自江河海洋的珍宝”展览由休伯特?巴里主持策展。
　　休伯特?巴里拥有矿物学博士学位，是一位博物馆展览策展人。曾参与策展1990年巴黎及柏林国家图书馆展出的“埃及记忆（Mémoiresd‘Egypte）”，2001年巴黎法国国家自然历史博物馆和2002年罗马斯库德列展厅举办的“钻石（Diamonds）”，以及2010年卡塔尔多哈和2012年日本神户展出的“珍珠（Pearls）”。他还曾联合参与策展2013年维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆举办的“珍珠（Pearls）”。休伯特?巴里曾就珠宝发表过著作，包括和大卫?拉姆联合署名、2010年SkiraEditore出版社发行的“珍珠（Pearls）”以及2001年Ed。 Adam Biro出版社发行的“钻石（Diamonds）”。
　　关于卡塔尔博物馆管理局
　　卡塔尔博物馆管理局将卡塔尔的博物馆，文化机构和文化遗址进行统一管理，为其蓬勃发展创造了有利条件。为实现在卡塔尔建立巩固持久的文化基础设施这一长期目标，卡塔尔博物馆管理局集中力量，为博物馆和文化项目的发展提供了一个全面性的组织机构。在卡塔尔国国王埃米尔塔米姆?本?哈马德?阿勒萨尼的赞助下，以及卡塔尔国公主、卡塔尔博物馆管理局主席阿尔?玛娅萨?宾特?哈马德?阿勒萨尼的领导下，卡塔尔博物馆管理局集全国之力，目的是使卡塔尔成为活跃于中东及其他地区的艺术、文化和教育中心。
　　自2005年成立以来，卡塔尔博物馆管理局见证了伊斯兰艺术博物馆（MIA）、阿拉伯现代美术馆（Mathaf）、Al Zubarah世界遗址游客中心（Al Zubarah World Heritage Site Visitor Centre）的发展。同时，卡塔尔博物馆管理局也管理着卡塔拉画廊（QM Gallery at Katara）和阿尔里瓦克展览空间（ALRIWAQ DOHA Exhibition Space）。未来，卡塔尔博物馆管理局的文化建设项目包括备受期待的卡塔尔国家博物馆和3-2-1卡塔尔奥林匹克体育博物馆的开幕。
　　卡塔尔博物馆管理局致力于为卡塔尔培养新一代艺术、文化遗产和博物馆专业人员，其核心是致力于培育艺术人才，为卡塔尔蓬勃兴起的艺术经济输送专业人才，创造机会。卡塔尔博物馆管理局还通过多方面的项目和公共艺术活动等方式，打破传统博物馆模式的界限，走上街头，尽可能地使更多观众参与其中，打造新的文化体验。卡塔尔博物馆管理局大力发扬本土起源的艺术和文化，培养国民参与的精神，助力卡塔尔在当今全球文化论争中找寻自己独特的声音。
　　关于中国国家博物馆
　　中国国家博物馆是中华文化的祠堂和祖庙，这里收藏着130多万件我们先辈留下的宝贵文化遗产。中国国家博物馆是“中国梦”的发源地，2012年11月29日，习近平总书记率领新一届中央政治局常委来这里参观“复兴之路”基本陈列并发表重要讲话，首次提出了实现中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”命题。“中国梦”凝聚了全球中华儿女的心。中国国家博物馆还是国家的文化客厅，每年有不少外国元首、首脑和政要来参观做客。
　　中国国家博物馆的陈展体系由基本陈列、专题陈列、国际交流展和临时展览组成。常设陈展目前有，基本陈列：“古代中国”和“复兴之路。专题陈列：“领袖?人民——馆藏现代经典美术作品”、“友好往来，历史见证——党和国家领导人外交活动受赠礼品展”、“中国古代青铜器艺术”、“中国古代佛造像艺术”、“中国古代玉器艺术”、“中国古代钱币”、“中国古代瓷器艺术”、“大美木艺——中国明清家具珍品”、“中国国家博物馆建筑设计展”等。还有不断更新的国际交流展和临时展览。
　　在新的历史时期，中国国家博物馆不断拓展国际文化交流的层次和范围，先后推出了具有重要影响的“启蒙的艺术”、“道法自然——大都会艺术博物馆精品展”、“瓷之韵——大英博物馆、英国国立维多利亚与艾伯特博物馆藏瓷器精品展”、“地中海文明——法国卢浮宫博物馆藏文物精品”等国际交流展览。如今，在以往世界古代文明主题展览的基础上，将有计划地推出一系列西亚地区历史文化艺术展览，“珍珠：来自江河海洋的珍宝”作为在中国国家博物馆举办的西亚艺术品专题展览尚属首次，这必将预示了又一个良好的开端。
　　中方展览项目负责人
　　王月前，中国国家博物馆展览一部研究馆员。
　　主要从事展览策划设计工作，以及中国古代史和先秦考古学研究。曾参与中国国家博物馆“古代中国”基本陈列内容设计，担任“中国古代玉器艺术”和“大美木艺——中国明清家具珍品”等项目的展览策划。
　　Press Release
　　Date of issue：27 September 2016
　　Media contacts：
　　Fortune China Public Relations
　　Nancy Wang， +8610 6310 0088 – 850， Nancy.Wang@fortunechina.com.cn
　　PEARLS， TREASURESFROM THESEAS AND THE RIVERS GRANDLY OPENS AT NATIONAL MUSUEM OF CHINA
　　Pearls， Treasures from the Seas and the Rivers
　　27 September 2016 – 8 January 2017
　　National Museum of China， Beijing
　　Following itsunprecedented success as part of the Qatar Japan， Qatar UK，Qatar Brazil and Qatar TurkeyYears of Culture， the internationally-acclaimed exhibitionPearls， Treasures from the Seas and the Riverstoday launched in Beijing， China， as one of the highlights of the Qatar China 2016 Year of Culture。
　　The large-scale exhibition is jointly presented by the Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China， the National Museum of China and Qatar Museums， and officially opened to the public on 27th September 2016 at the National Museum of China after nearly a year of intense preparations。
　　Pearls， Treasures from the Seas and the Rivers is the first internationalexhibition introduced by the National Museum of China with a focus on the history， legend， mythology and meaning of pearls from Qatar， China and around the world。 130 rare and beautiful pieces from the Qatar Museums collection， as well as aspectacular Imperial masterpiece from the National Museum of China’s own collection are on show， providingvisitors with a rare opportunity to see one of the finest collections of pearl jewellery in the world。
　　The exhibition is co-curated byinternationally renowned pearl expert， Dr Hubert Bari。 Lu Zhangshen， Director of the National Museum of Chinawas the chief planner from China’s part to oversee overall curation， and granted special approval to exhibit theimperial masterpiece from the National Museum of China’s own collection as part of the show This masterpiece is the Phoenix Coronet， dating from the Ming Dynasty （1573 – 1620）， made for the Empress Xiaoduan， which was unearthed from the Dingling Mausoleum in Beijing in the 1950s。 It is made from lacquered bamboo and silk and decorated with nine gold dragons， nine gold phoenixes and is inlaid with nearly more than 100 rubies and over 5，000 pearls。
　　The exhibition reveals the history of the use of pearls over 2，000 years， from the Roman period until the 21st century。 Among the exquisite exhibits are jewel masterpieces by internationally acclaimed designers， royal pearl tiaras from European monarchies and stunning wearable jewelry made from rare pearls from various regions。 The exhibition also presentsthe boom of the pearls cultivation industry in China and the unique charm of Chinese culture。 Surrounded by the splendid jewelry， visitors can truly enjoy a wonderful temporal and spatial travel， which is created by amixture of nature， history， culture and art。
　　Commenting on the exhibition， Mohammed Al Othman， Public and International Relations Director at Qatar Museums， said：
　　“We’re delighted to showcase this stunning collection at the National Museum of China， which perfectly reflects Qatar Museums’ focus on art， creativity and heritage， connecting cultures and promoting mutual understanding。 The exhibitioncelebrates a wide array of stunning and important objects of historical interest to both Qatar and China。
　　“Through this exhibition， we’re determined to celebrate， strengthen and enhance cultural relationships and mutual understanding between China and Qatar， and to build upon the long， shared history of cultural and diplomatic relations between both countries， through arts and culture.We’re enormously grateful for His Excellency Lu Zhangshen and his team’s efforts and continued support in making this happen。”
　　Divided into six parts withover a dozen themes， the exhibition presents “The Natural History of Pearls”， “Pearls in the Arabian Gulf”， “Pearls in the History”， “Natural Freshwater Pearls”， “Pioneers of the Cultured Pearls” and “Cultivating Pearls in Chinese Ways”。“Pearls in the History” is the largest part of the exhibition，occupying nearly the half proportion of the exhibition area。 Itpresents masterpieces of exquisite pearl jewelrysince the European Medieval period。
　　The oldest pearl jewelry in exhibition includes the exquisite ornamentsin Roman and Byzantine times， such as a Roman gold bracelet， a Byzantine necklaceand a Byzantine cross emerald pendant。 They are made of gold， natural Gulf pearls and other precious gemstones in extremely ingenious designs。
　　Also on display are sixroyal tiaras， evenly displayed in a hexagonal exhibition area，worn by the nobles from monarchies of Britain， France， Germany， and Austria from the mid-19th through the early 20th centuries。 These include Lady Rosebery’s pearl tiara， the Countess Spencer’s tiara， the Kerouartz tiara， the Art Nouveau tiara， and the Archduchess Marie Valerie’s tiara。 These tiaras， which are designed by famous jewelers and art masters， are made of precious metals like gold and silver with an overwhelming number of natural pearls and diamonds on theirsurfaces。
　　Other types of jewelryon show， particularlymasterpiecesfrom the periods of Renaissance and Art Nouveau， also embody the designers’ exquisite creativity。 These jewels， such as Flying Cupid necklace， Lion-shaped pendant， Dancing Girl-shaped pendant， Acorn-shaped brooch， Bee-shaped brooch， Butterfly-shaped brooch， as well as a brooch with the Head of a Bacchante， are mainly made of baroque pearls invaried shapes， which are creatively designed in bold patterns， with natural factors added into these works。 Another noteworthy masterpiece includes a lip-shaped brooch made of cultured pearls and rubies designed by Salvador Dali， which presents the unrivalled design perspective and unique decorative techniques of this art master。
　　The exhibition highlights the importance of natural pearls from countries in the Gulf region， as part of the region’s rich heritage and identity。 Apart from demonstrating the contribution of Arabian Gulf natural pearls to jewelry manufacturing， the exhibition explores the world of freshwater pearls from the rivers and lakes， and the achievement made in culturing pearls。 With regard to natural pearls， visitors can enjoy the head-dresses with traditional features from the Tibet Autonomous Region and a unique collection of pearls from the Mississippi and Arksansas rivers， showing jewelry made from these rare pearls。 The pearls cultivation originated in Japan， where notable people including Kokichi Mikimoto made crucial contribution。 The method of culturing pearls has been popularized and improved to the greatest extent in China， which has made modern China one of the world leaders in the pearls industry。
　　Qatar is an important transportation hub in the ancient “Maritime Silk Road”， with its prestigious pearls trade as a crucial tie linking Eastern and Western cultures in the long course of history。 After Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed the significant Belt and Road Initiative， Qatar wasone of the first countries who signed a memorandum of cooperation with China and also the key country in which the Belt and Road strategy wasimplemented。 Upon the establishment of this strategic partnership， the two countries have continuously expanded mutual economic and trade exchanges and achieved rapid international cooperation。
　　Under the guidance of Qatar Museums’ Chairperson Her Excellency Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and National Museum of China’s Director His Excellency Lu Zhangshen， the exhibition is a highlight of the Qatar China 2016 Year of Culture initiative， which aims to celebrate， strengthen and enhance cultural relationships and mutual understanding between China and Qatar， and to build upon the long， shared history of cultural and diplomatic relations between both countries。
　　ENDS
　　Notes to editors
　　Hubert Bari biography
　　Pearls， Treasures from the Seas and the Rivers is co-curated by Hubert Bari。
　　Hubert Bari has a doctorate in mineralogy and is a designer of museum exhibitions。 Past exhibitions include Mémoires d‘Egypte at the Bibliothèque nationale， Paris and Berlin （1990）， Diamonds at Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle， Paris （2001） and Scuderie del Quirinale， Rome （2002）， Pearls， Doha， Qatar （2010） and Kobe， Japan （2012）。 He was co-curator of the Pearls exhibition at the V&A （2013）。 Bari has published books on jewellery including Pearls， with David Lam （Skira Editore， 2010） and Diamonds （Ed。 Adam Biro， 2001）。
　　About Qatar Museums
　　Qatar Museums connects the museums， cultural institutions and heritage sites in Qatar and creates the conditions for them to thrive and flourish。 It centralizes resources and provides a comprehensive organization for the development of museums and cultural projects， with a long term ambition of creating a strong and sustainable cultural infrastructure for Qatar。 Under the patronage of His Highness the Emir， Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani， and led by its Chairperson， Her Excellency Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani， QM is consolidating Qatar’s efforts to become a vibrant center for the arts， culture and education， in the Middle East and beyond。
　　Since its foundation in 2005， QM has overseen the development of the Museum of Islamic Art （MIA）， Mathaf： Arab Museum of Modern Art， and the Al Zubarah World Heritage Site Visitor Centre。 The QM also manages the QM Gallery at Katara， ALRIWAQ DOHA Exhibition Space and Fire Station： Artists in Residence。 Future projects include the launch of the highly anticipated 3-2-1 Qatar Olympic and Sports Museum。
　　QM is committed to instigating Qatar’s future generation of arts， heritage and museum professionals。 At its core is a commitment to nurturing artistic talent， creating opportunities and developing the skills to service Qatar’s emerging art economy。 By means of a multi-faceted program and public art initiatives， QM seeks to push the boundaries of the traditional museum model， and create cultural experiences that spill out onto the streets and seek to involve the widest possible audiences。 Through a strong emphasis on originating art and culture from within and fostering a spirit of national participation， QM is helping Qatar find its own distinctive voice in today’s global cultural debates。
　　About National Museum of China （NMC）
　　Like the ancestral halls and temples of Chinese culture， the NMC has collected and housed more than 1.3 million exhibition pieces， all of which are inheritances from our forefathers。 The NMC is also where the phrase the “China Dream” originated。 On November 29th， 2012， Xi Jinping， the Secretary General of the Communist Party of China （CPC） Central Committee， led the members of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau to visit the Exhibition “The Road of Rejuvenation” at the NMC。 In his remarks， the topic of “China Dream” was put forward for the first time。 The “China Dream” united the hearts of Chinese from all over the world。 The NMC is also a “cultural parlor” for China； many heads of states， leaders and important politicians visit NMC every year。
　　The NMC exhibition system is composed of our permanent collection， thematic exhibitions， international exchange exhibitions and temporary exhibitions。 Permanent exhibitions include Ancient China and The Road of Rejuvenation。 The thematic exhibitions include Leader·People-the National Museum Collection of the Masterpieces of Chinese Modern Fine Art， State Gifts： Historical Testament to Friendly Exchanges，Ancient Chinese BronzesArt， Ancient Chinese Buddhist Sculpture， Ancient Chinese Jades， Ancient Chinese Money， Ancient Chinese Porcelain Art， Splendid Artwork in Wood– Chinese Qing and Ming Furniture， Collection of Architectural Design of the National Museum of China and so on。 There are also upcoming international exchange exhibitions and temporary exhibitions。
　　In the new historical period， National Museum of China continuously raises the level and expands the scope of international cultural communication。 The NMC has launched exhibitions with great influence including “The Art of the Enlightenment”， “Earth， Sea， and Sky： Nature in Western Art—Masterpieces from The Metropolitan Museum of Art”， “Passion for Porcelain： Masterpieces of Ceramics from the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum”， “The Mediterranean World from the Collections of the Musée du Louvre”and so on。 Nowadays， on the basis of previous thematic exhibitions on the world’s ancient civilization， the NMC will present a series of exhibitions around the history， culture and art of West Asia。 Pearls， Treasures from the Seas and the Rivers， as the first exhibition of artworks from West Asia to be presented in the NMC， will definitely offer a good example for the following exhibitions。
　　Project Manager of the Exhibition Program in China
　　Mr。 Wang Yueqian is a Research Fellow of the Exhibition Department I of the National Museum of China。
　　He mainly focuses on exhibition curation and design， as well as the research of Chinese ancient history and the pre-Qin archaeology。 He had took part in the content design for the NMC’s exhibition“Ancient China”and was also assigned as the curator for the exhibitions “Ancient Chinese Jades， Splendid Artwork in Wood– Chinese Qing and Ming Furniture” and so on。